Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Essay about Ionic Reactions - 773 Words
Ionic Reactions Abstract This experiment is designed to study the nature of ionic reactions, and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions, as well as to identify spectator ions, perception reactions and solubility of different compounds. Experiment and Observations In this experiment I was using a 96-well plate to add two drops of the following solutions into seven wells in rows A through E: cobalt (II) nitrate, copper (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, barium nitrate, and nickel (II) nitrate. Afterward, two drops of each of sodium phosphate, sodium iodide, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide were added to the five vertical wells under columns†¦show more content†¦This was expected because the solubility rules stated that these were all insoluble substances. I was careful to add exactly two drops of each into each well, as to keep my experimental error to a minimum. Questions: A. Compare your results with the solubility rules and/or solubility table in your chemistry text. B. Do your results agree with your expectations from the solubility rules/table? Yes, my results did agree with my expectations from the basic solubility rules. C. Which anions generally form precipitates? What are exceptions? Most hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates and phosphates form precipitates. Alkali metals, barium, silver nitrate, silver nitrite and silver perchlorate are some exceptions. D. Which anions generally do not form precipitates? What are the exceptions? All nitrate salts, alkali metals, ammonium salts, sulfates, acetates, and halides do not form precipitates. Calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium sulfate, lead (II) ions, silver halide, lead (II) halide and mercury (I) ions are some exceptions. E. Which cations generally do not form precipitates? All cations in groups 1 and 2 of the periodic table generally do not form precipitates. http://chemistry.about.com/od/lectureclassnotes/a/Qualitative-Analysis.htm F. Select 10 reactions that produce a precipitate, color change, or gas and write balanced chemical equation and a net ionic equation forShow MoreRelatedIonic Reactions Lab Essay1010 Words  | 5 Pages180 Lab 5: Ionic Reactions Submitted by Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to work with aqueous solutions of ionic substances. Aqueous solutions are those solutions in which water is the solvent. When ionic substances are dissolved in water, the ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules. The focus of this experiment is on precipitates. The goal of this experiment is to study the nature of ionic reactions, write balanced equations, and to write net ionic equations forRead MoreLab 8 Ionic Reactions1245 Words  | 5 Pagesï » ¿Ocean County College Department of Chemistry Ionic Reactions Submitted by: Date Submitted: July 10, 2014 Date Performed: July 8 2014 Lab Section: Chem 181-DL2 Course Instructor: Amal Bassa Background Aqueous solutions of ionic substances will be experimented with in this Ionic Reactions lab. Aqueous solutions are solutions that water is solvent. After ionic substances dissolve in water, ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules. When these ion separateRead MoreIonic Reactions Lab Essay1068 Words  | 5 PagesCollege Department of Chemistry Ionic Reactions Submitted by Erin Walsh                                                                                                                                  Date Submitted:   July 24, 2013 Date Performed:  July 24, 2013 Lab Section: Chem-181-DL1 Course Instructor: Amal Bassa Purpose To study the nature of ionic reactions, write balanced equations, and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions. Procedure 1. Gather appropriateRead MoreTask 1a Periodic Table Essay1503 Words  | 7 Pagesand Chlorine. Group 1 Physical properties Soft metals are sodium, lithium and potassium that are well cut with a knife. The shiny, silver colour freshly cut surface quickly to a dull grey as the metal reacts with water and oxygen in the air. The reactions are stored in oil and they are pieces of metal. The sodium is a shiny surface that discolours quickly than lithium. Potassium will be made quicker than sodium. This will then show the reactivity increasing in the metals as we get down the group.Read MorePhysical Properties and Reactions of Period 3 Oxides4420 Words  | 18 Pagesenergy is needed to break the strong bonds (ionic or covalent) operating in three dimensions. The oxides of phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine consist of individual molecules - some small and simple; others polymeric. The attractive forces between these molecules will be van der Waals dispersion and dipole-dipole interactions. These vary in size depending on the size, shape and polarity of the various molecules - but will always be much weaker than the ionic or covalent bonds you need to break in a giantRead MoreInstructional Purpose : Venn Diagram886 Words  | 4 Pageswith covalent and ionic bonding, they will suffer with future topics and other branches of chemistry. Ionic bonding is a crucial topic to understand within general chemistry reactions. Covalent bonding is a root within Organic and Biochemistry that needs to be understood in order to fully understand the theories and concepts discussed in both forms of chemistry. What content in the reading may be used to extend thinking? The similarities and differences between covalent and ionic bonding can be usedRead MoreCation and Amnion Lab Essay769 Words  | 4 Pageslab is to learn to demonstrate a double-replacement reaction of ionic compounds. To accomplish this, two ionic compounds will be mixed together and the product will precipitate out of solution. In this procedure, the product must be precipitated out of the solution and then weighed. For this lab, lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) and potassium chromate (K2CrO4) will be reacted together to demonstrate double replacement reaction between 2 ionic compounds. This was shown when chromate replaced theRead MoreMixture and Compound Differences622 Words  | 3 PagesChemical compounds are made up of at least two elements that are bonded together in a fixed mass ratio that can only be split apart by chemical means. And a mixture is a substance created by merging at least two different materials with no chemical reaction. Also compounds can only be separated if they are destroyed. But the elements in mixtures can be physically separated from each other easily. Another dissimilarity is that mixtures are usually heterogeneous whereas compounds are always homogeneousRead MoreLab 12 Essay1081 Words  | 5 Pages1. What is an ionic bond? Typically an ionic bond occurs between one metal and one non-metal ion. One atom borrows one or more electrons from another atom. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion, which then result in attraction. 2. What is a covalent bond? A covalent bond is a bond that occurs when atoms in a molecule share a pair of electrons. For example, â€Å"theRead MoreTwo Types of Solids1563 Words  | 7 PagesMarch 2, 2011 Lab Report Physical Properties of Two Types of Solids SCH3U0 Maggie Liu Abstract The purpose of this lab is to study some of the physical properties of two types of solids – ionic and molecular. The samples used are sodium chloride (ionic) and camphor (molecular). The physical properties studied are odour, hardness, melting point, solubility in water and solubility in 2-propanol. It is observed that some of the physical properties of sodium chloride are no odours, hard, a
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Death Camp Free Essays
It all began when a group of old friends decided they wanted to go camping for the weekend. All they wanted was to have a laugh, get drunk and have good last memories of their time together before they went to university in different parts of the country. Camping seemed like a perfect way to say goodbye, or so they thought. We will write a custom essay sample on Death Camp or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sitting around a warm campfire, toasting marshmellows and sharing memories, they would remember the good times and leave on a good note, the troubles of the past forgotten. Jack and Mike decided to organise a weekend in the New Forest and collected a i30 contribution from their friends to pay for food, drink, fuel and the hire of a minibus. So it was that, one crisp morning in late August, the group of friends met at The Three Compasses in Luton and set off, talking and laughing, for their perfect weekend away. The journey took a few hours due to the volume of traffic on the roads and by the time they reached base camp they were hot, tired and irritable. Determined not to let the weekend get off to a bad start, Jack suggested that they set up camp in the woods then go their separate ways before the barbeque later in the evening. Jack led the group from the carpark to a clearing about half a mile into the dense trees and they began to set up the large ten-man tents. After agreeing to meet back at seven, they split into twos and threes and went off to explore the forest. Everyone was back by half past and got a fire going, crackling merrily as they toasted marshmellows. As the drink was brought out the talking and laughing grew louder and more raucous until most were either asleep or dancing outrageously to Mike’s CD collection. The fire flickered, its embers glowing and cinders scattering about the clearing. The deep shadows between the trees were broken by its golden light and different hues of yellow danced across the canvas tents. A wonderful aroma of sweet pinewood burning filled the clearing, mingling with the pungent perfume of wild grasses and flowers. The stars overhead were glittering like diamonds in the velvety night sky. Jack was dancing near to the fire but he was one of the last ones, everyone else had gone into the tents to sleep off the vodka and beer. As his friends decided that they too were ready for bed, Jack went to put out the fire with a bottle of water. In his disorientated state he accidentally picked up a half-drunk bottle of vodka and threw its contents onto the fire. There was a roar and the flames sprang up, licking the night air like a predator hungry for prey. Tongues of flame caught low-hanging branches and they were swallowed up, the pine resin spitting and jumping. Jerked out of his drunkeness, Jack ran to the tents and shouted for everyone to get out and follow him. The ones who listened ran outside, dragging their semi-conscious friends with them. Crashing through the dense undergrowth they headed in the direction of the minibus and clambered aboard. Mike, who had stayed sober enough to drive, sprang into the drivers seat and they sped off down the road. At a nearby laybay they stopped and called the fire brigade from a phonebox. It was only then that they realised several of their friends behind at the mercy of the raging flames. The forest was alight, the trees catching like dry tinder and pillars of orange flame rocketing into the night sky, the pines burning like torches. The people left behind ran drunkenly away from the flames but the fire was spreading at an incredible rate, springing from tree to tree like rampaging tigers. Smoke filled the forest and they choked as they ran, stumbling and falling. Overcome by tiredness and lack of oxygen, they sank down in a clearing by a road, hoping the fire could be stopped before it was too late†¦ How to cite Death Camp, Papers
Saturday, December 7, 2019
Automobile Manufacturing Industry Australiaâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com
Questions: What Are The Key Factors And Trends Which Affected The Automotive Industry Of Australia Which Was One Of The Booming Industry? To Identify The Trends Of Customers Which Drives The Business For Australian Automotive Industry? To Investigate The Reason Behind The Decline Of Such Huge Industry Which Affected The Economy And Unemployment In Australia? Answers: Introduction The automobile industry of Australia is one of the successful and emerging industries after the Second World War. The automotive industry of Australia plays an important role in the economy and it is boosting innovation and investment and is also driving wide scale industrial activity. Australia is the only industrial country which lacks vehicle assembly. The Australian car manufacturing sector is so small that each company had to rely on each other for their survival. The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the reasons for the sudden collapse of the automobile industry of Australia. It will also help to find out the factors which will be necessary for the growth and survival of the automotive industry. This paper will also highlight the specific reasons as to why the automotive manufacturing industries had to rely on foreign products as their inputs (ONeill, Sohal and Teng 2016). Background and significance Australia is the first country who manufactured cars and it has helped them in designing their culture. The financial constructors played an active role in the beginning of aircraft and car development. General Motors manufactured their cars in Australia by importing the spare parts from UK and USA. They also provided support to the Australian military vehicle and thus designed their armoured vehicles, aircraft engines and weaponries. Holden Group also had built more than 10 million cars in Australia and they were trying to produce more cars. Moreover, this industry has also provided employment to many workers and there are many small businesses which have supports this industry. Recently, the two leading car manufacturers in Australia i.e. Mahindra and Toyota have decided to stop their production by the end of 2017. Toyota has stated it might start up is production if they find improvement in the automotive industry. There are several important reasons for the downfall of the Austra lian car manufacturing industry. The automotive industry cannot exploit economies of scale because the Australian market is very small. Moreover, to survive in such markets there were no other options available but to use cheaper foreign production inputs including labour. The domestic market conditions has become weaker due to lower import tariffs and also signing of Free trade agreement. Moreover, better working conditions and higher wages were demanded by the union and it became difficult for the automotive companies to fulfil their demands of the labourers. Although Ford and Holden has announced that it will retain its RD activities in Australia but there is a big doubt that these companies will move their RD activities closer to their manufacturing plants. With the downfall of car manufacturing industries, it is vital to spend more amounts in RD activities so that it does not affect the other sectors of the economy (Ulengin et al. 2014). Research boundaries This research paper will be restricted only on the automotive industry of Australia. It will draw a close comparison of the leading car manufacturers of Australia i.e. Toyota, Holden, Iveco, Paccar Inc. and many more. Report outline This report will start with an introduction and then it will review the relevant existing literature (Section 2). It will also outline the methodology that is used to gather data and address the research objectives (Section 3). Section 4 will highlight the results while the final Section 5 will draw conclusions and makes recommendation to address the management issu Literature Review/Theoretical Framework This section will review literature on the downfall and growth of automotive car manufacturing industry in Australia. Section 2.2 will highlight the implications from the literature impacting on this study. Darux (2014) has stated that financial crisis is the main reason for the downfall of the Australian manufacturing companies. These companies had to outsource a majority of their processes to other companies and thus ensure that there is no effect on the production facilities. Jasinski, Meredith and Kirwan (2015) have highlighted the processes of outsourcing rather than giving more preference to in-sourcing activities. It has been found that the process of in-sourcing in times of lower sales volume has been attracting the employees and the manufacturers for full utilisation of their existing capacity. Stanford (2017) has highlighted that the automobile companies has faced a pessimistic outlook in domestic sales, costs and export opportunities. Stanford has drawn a close comparison between the automotive industry of Australia and Canada. Gnther, Kannegiesser and Autenrieb(2015) has stated that the production of automotive components in Australia is larger than Canada and it has also be en developing in RD activities. The continuous influence of the fiscal incentives in the previous years has made the RD activities of Australia very strong. Moreover, trade liberalization has eliminated the rationale to manufacture vehicles in Australia. The overvaluation of the Australian currency which is combined with political and inconsistent approach has led to the demise of Australian automotive industry. The incentive program has also tried to foster innovation in Australia. According to Hua, Oliphant and Hu (2016), the manufacturing industry is posed with several of recovery and it has created jobs for millions of workers. There has been certain economic indicators that are helping the Australian manufacturing industry to recover its real output which has fallen to a very low level. Yan and Fang (2015) has opined that the profit margins of the Australian manufacturing industry are also falling and the Government is trying to take several steps to protect these industry. According to Chen, Feldmann and Tang (2015), there were some external causes for the decline of the manufacturing industry and this industry is trying to adopt the western style. Ong (2016) has opined that tax evasion by the tax payers is one of the main reasons for the death of the manufacturing industry of Australia. Galliers and Leidner (2014) has highlighted that the role of planning, operations assessment and budgeting is linked directly with the strategic plan of an organisation. According to Gamble and Thompson (2014), it is important to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of a strategic map and the development of balance scorecard as an important management tool. Wheelen and Hunger (2017) has stated that strategic management has helped in the long term development of the organisation. Peppard and Ward (2016)has opined that strategic management will help in the revitalization and also to bring changes for the improvement of business plan. There are certain gaps in the above mentioned literature. Darux has focused only on the financial condition of Australia as the main reason for the downfall of the automotive industry. He has not given more importance on in-sourcing and its advantages which is a crucial factor in this era of globalisation. There are certain other factors which needs due consideration in this case. The downfall of the automotive industry has also affected the other industries on a large scale. The research work of Stanford also highlighted a close comparison of the automotive industry of Australia and Canada but it has not specifically pointed out the reasons of downfall of the companies in Australia. The methodology of a research will discuss the underlying methods and process which will be followed in meeting the research objectives. This section describes the design adopted by this study to achieve the aims and process objectives stated in Section 1.3. Section 3.2 discusses the methodology (or sources of data) to be used in the study. Sources of data and justification In this research, quantitative data will be used to identify the growth and downfall of the car manufacturing companies of Australia. The choice if quantitative data will help to find how the downfall of the various car manufacturing companies will affect the other leading sectors of the economy. Data will be collected from the annual reports of Ford, Holden and Toyota. Moreover, some data will also be collected from the annual reports of the companies which provide different kinds of inputs to these leading companies (Wright and Lansbury 2014). Data will be collected from the primary sources also. Surveys will be carried out for the customers of these leading companies. The customers of the leading automobile companies will be asked to provide feedbacks and thus the evaluations will be carried out on this basis. Data will also be collected from people of both the genders who are in the age group of 25-40 years. This data will be collected through random sampling and thus it will hel p to keep the sample group as homogenised as possible. It will also help to prevent biasness of the research output. Non probability sampling method will be used to reduce the biasness in the project. Moreover, descriptive research design will be used to get rigid and flexible results. Activities 1st Week 2nd-6th Week 7th- 11th Week 12th -18th Week 19th-22nd Week 23rd -27th Week 28th-31st Week Selection of the topic Literature review and study of existing theories Data collection- primary Data Analysis Preparing Draft report Final Submission Details of specific techniques Data will be analysed from the annual reports by using SPSS and other statistical techniques so that it helps the researcher to monitor the downfall of the car manufacturing company. The reports of the leading companies will be analysed and studied and descriptive methods will also be used for the analysis. Random sampling method will be followed when data needs to be collected from the customers so as to avoid biasness. The customers will not be chosen based on the volume of sales or profitability of the companies. These will help the researcher to conduct the research successfully and there will be transparency in research work. The correlation conducted through Pearson correlation and regression will also help in meeting the research objectives (Bryman and Bell 2015.). Analysis of Results It is important to identify the customer base who will respond and provide accurate data in this research work. It has been found that the customers will prefer to buy cars from other countries because the local companies in Australia are charging huge amount of taxes and costs from the customers and thus they prefer to buy cars from other countries. The companies are also incurring losses because due to import tariffs and free trade agreements with other countries (Agana, Reeve and Orbell 2013). Several data were also collected from the annual reports of Holden, Ford and other leading companies who have decided to shut down their manufacturing plants in Australia. The reports of these companies have helped to make a comparison between these companies and also analyse the losses in the previous years (Marks 2013). The statistical report of the Australia will also give an idea of the number of unemployed people who have lost their jobs due to the downfall in this sector. Surveys and i nterviews will also be carried for the unemployed people who have lost their job. The business strategies which will be followed by these manufacturing companies will also be analysed and highlighted in this paper (Bell et al. 2014) Conclusions Thus, it can be said that the downfall of the Australian car manufacturing industry will incur a huge loss for economy as a whole. It will affect the RD activities of the other sectors and also affect the automotive industry. Australia is one of the most competitive economy and it has tried to keep the prices low despite all other factors. But due to avoidance of a large sum of taxes, Government of Australia has imposed a huge sum of penalty and these companies have decided to shut down their plants. Moreover, the foreign cars became cheaper and this attracted the people to purchase them and thus it has led to the downfall of the Australian car manufacturing companies. Due to cheaper imports, it has become easier for the Australian car buyers to purchase these cars. Moreover, the economy of Australia is surrounded by various countries where labour is cheap and the costs of materials are also very low. It can be suggested that the import tariffs in Australia must be raised so that the local car manufacturing companies can run their business successfully. The import tariffs on these manufacturing companies which were resumed due to certain reasons must again start its operation. Moreover, better working conditions and higher wages were demanded by the union and it became difficult for the automotive companies to fulfil their demands of the labourers. The collapse of this automotive industry also affected research and development. Thus, it is important to for the Government to find out certain steps so that it can protect these companies. References Agana, B.A., Reeve, D. and Orbell, J.D., 2013. An approach to industrial water conservationa case study involving two large manufacturing companies based in Australia.Journal of environmental management,114, pp.445-460. Bell, J.M., Frater, B., Butterfield, L., Cunningham, S.D., Dodgson, M., Fox, K., Spurling, T. and Webster, E., 2014. Securing Australia's future: The role of science, research and technology in lifting Australian productivity. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Chen, L., Feldmann, A. and Tang, O., 2015. The relationship between disclosures of corporate social performance and financial performance: Evidences from GRI reports in manufacturing industry.International Journal of Production Economics,170, pp.445-456. Drauz, R., 2014. Re-insourcing as a manufacturing-strategic option during a crisisCases from the automobile industry.Journal of Business Research,67(3), pp.346-353. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Gamble, J.E. and Thompson Jr, A.A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Gnther, H.O., Kannegiesser, M. and Autenrieb, N., 2015. The role of electric vehicles for supply chain sustainability in the automotive industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,90, pp.220-233. Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.J., 2016. Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status.Renewable Energy,85, pp.1044-1051. Jasinski, D., Meredith, J. and Kirwan, K., 2015. A comprehensive review of full cost accounting methods and their applicability to the automotive industry.Journal of cleaner production,108, pp.1123-1139. Marks, A., 2013. The globalization of the Australian textile, clothing, footwear and motor vehicle industries: results in line with other western market economies.Global Economy Journal,13(1), pp.129-150. ONeill, P., Sohal, A. and Teng, C.W., 2016. Quality management approaches and their impact on firms? financial performanceAn Australian study.International Journal of Production Economics,171, pp.381-393. Ong, S.H., 2016. Measuring the quality and identifying influencing factors of sustainability reporting: Evidence from the resources industry in Australia. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Stanford, J., 2017. When an Auto Industry Disappears: Australia's Experience and Lessons for Canada.Canadian Public Policy,43(S1), pp.S57-S74. lengin, F., nsel, ?., Aktas, E., Kabak, . and zayd?n, ., 2014. A decision support methodology to enhance the competitiveness of the Turkish automotive industry.European Journal of Operational Research,234(3), pp.789-801. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Wright, C.F. and Lansbury, R.D., 2014. Trade unions and economic reform in Australia, 19832013.The Singapore Economic Review,59(04), p.1450033. Yan, X. and Fang, Y.P., 2015. CO 2 emissions and mitigation potential of the Chinese manufacturing industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,103, pp.759-773.
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